**Lesson Plan: Information Communication Technology - Conversion of Number Bases**
**Grade:** Junior Secondary 2
**Subject:** Information Communication Technology
**Duration:** 60 minutes
**Topic:** Conversion of Number Bases
**Objectives:**
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Understand the concepts of number bases.
2. Convert numbers from one base to another, specifically between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal systems.
3. Apply number base conversions in simple practical problems.
**Materials Needed:**
- Whiteboard and markers
- Projector and laptop for presentation
- Handouts with conversion tables and practice problems
- Calculator
- Worksheets for in-class practice
**Lesson Outline:**
**Introduction (10 minutes):**
1. Greet the students and introduce the topic "Conversion of Number Bases."
2. Briefly discuss the importance of understanding number bases in ICT and daily life.
3. Explain that different systems like computers and digital devices use various number bases (binary, decimal, hexadecimal).
**Body:**
**1. Explanation of Number Bases (20 minutes):**
- Define number bases and their significance.
- Explain the commonly used bases:
- **Decimal (Base 10):** Uses digits 0-9.
- **Binary (Base 2):** Uses digits 0 and 1.
- **Hexadecimal (Base 16):** Uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
- Provide examples of numbers in each base.
**2. Conversion Techniques (20 minutes):**
- **Binary to Decimal:**
- Explain the method by multiplying each bit by 2 raised to its position power from right (0 position) to left.
- Example: Convert 1010₂ to decimal.
- 1×2³ + 0×2² + 1×2¹ + 0×2⁰ = 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10₁₀
- **Decimal to Binary:**
- Divide the decimal number by 2 and write down the remainder.
- Repeat the process with the quotient until you get a quotient of zero.
- Read the remainders in reverse order.
- Example: Convert 10₁₀ to binary.
- 10 ÷ 2 = 5 remainder 0, 5 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 1, 2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0, 1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1.
- Answer: 1010₂
- **Hexadecimal to Decimal:**
- Multiply each digit by 16 raised to its position power from right to left.
- Example: Convert 1A₁₆ to decimal.
- 1×16¹ + A×16⁰ (where A = 10) = 16 + 10 = 26₁₀
- **Decimal to Hexadecimal:**
- Divide the decimal number by 16 and record the remainder.
- Repeat the process with the quotient until you reach a quotient of zero.
- Read the remainders in reverse order.
- Example: Convert 26₁₀ to hexadecimal.
- 26 ÷ 16 = 1 remainder 10 (A), 1 ÷ 16 = 0 remainder 1.
- Answer: 1A₁₆
**3. Practice and Application (10 minutes):**
- Distribute handouts with conversion tables and practice problems.
- Assign a few conversion problems to solve individually or in pairs.
- Example problems:
- Convert 1101₂ to decimal.
- Convert 29₁₀ to binary.
- Convert 2F₁₆ to decimal.
- Convert 35₁₀ to hexadecimal.
**Conclusion (10 minutes):**
1. Review the key points and conversion methods discussed.
2. Solve one or two practice problems as a class.
3. Answer any questions or clarifications from students.
4. Assign homework to practice conversion of numbers between different bases.
5. Summarize the lesson and its importance in understanding ICT.
**Assessment:**
- Observe students during practice to ensure they understand the conversion processes.
- Collect and review homework assignments for accuracy.
- Conduct a short quiz in the next class to assess understanding.
**Homework:**
1. Convert the following binary numbers to decimal: 1001₂, 1110₂.
2. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary: 18₁₀, 44₁₀.
3. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to decimal: 3D₁₆, B4₁₆.
4. Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal: 58₁₀, 100₁₀.
**Reflection:**
- After the lesson, reflect on what went well and what could be improved in the teaching of number bases conversions.
- Note any common difficulties students faced and plan for additional support or practice in future lessons.